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Objective To prepare scutellarin liposomes and to investigate the pharmacokinetics in rats. Methods The liposomes of scutellarin coated with carbopol were prepared with the film dispersion method.Minicolumn centrifugation method was applied to measure the encapsulation efficiency (EE) before and after coating. SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, which were given intragastric administration of scutellarin suspension, scutellarin liposomes, and carbopol-coated scutellarin liposomes, respectively. And then the pharmacokinetic parameters were compared. Results Carbopol-coated scutellarin liposomes after intragastric administration in rats showed pharmacokinetic characteristics of two-compartment model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of scutellarin suspension,scutellarin liposomes,and carbopol-coated scutellarin liposomes were as follows:AUC0-∞(50.03±13.45) μg?h?mL-1 ,(78.99±20.28) μg?h?mL-1 ,and (107.97±27.26) μg?h?mL-1 , respectively. Conclusion After coated liposomes, the oral bioavailability of scutellarin 1iposomes can be significantly improved,and the maximum drug concentration also increased.
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Objective To assess the diagnostic value of capsule endoscopy (CE) and CT virtual endoscopy (CTVE) for small intestinal diseases.Methods The data of 31 patients with suspected small bowel diseases who were examined by both CTVE and CE were collected.The diagnostic rates of CE and CTVE was compared by paired data McNemar test,using the diagnosis confirmed by surgery or follow-up as the golden standard.Results The confirmed diagnosis of 31 patients were small intestinal tumor in 16,nontumorous lesion in 10 and no abnormal lesion in 5.CE identified positive findings in 24 patients,including 14 cases of tumorous lesion (with mis-location in 2 and failure in definite diagnosis in 7) and 10 cases of non-tumorous lesion.CTVE identified positive findings in 17 patients,including 14 cases of tumorous lesion (with mis-location in 1 and failure in definite diagnosis in 4) and 3 cases of non-tumorous lesion.The combination of CE and CTVE could identified positive findings in 26 patients,including 16 tumorous and 10 nontumorous lesions.The diagnostic rates of CE and CTVE for tumorous lesions were both 87.5％ (14/16).The overall diagnostic rate of combined CE and CTVE was 83.9％ (26/31),which was significantly higher than that of CTVE alone (54.8％,17/31) but similar to that of CE alone (77.4％,24/31).Conclusion Both CE and CTVE are effective in diagnosis of small intestinal lesions and the combined use of 2 methods can increase diagnosis yield.
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Objective To observe the prevalence of anionic trypsinogen (PRSS2) gene G191R mutation in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP),and to investigate the effect of PRSS2 gene G191R mutation on susceptibility to pancreatitis.Methods The blood samples of 82 patients with acute pancreatitis,73 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 138 healthy subjects were collected,and genomic DNA was extracted.Nest PCR were performed to amplify PRSS2 gene and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was followed by using Hpy188Ⅲ to distinguish the G191R mutation.DNA sequencing analysis was performed to confirm the mutation status.Results The size of nest PCR products was 436 bp.RFLP2 produced 309 bp and 127 bp fragments,which were resulted from PRSS2 gene G191R mutation (GGA →AGA).DNA sequencing analysis of the PCR products further confirmed the PRSS2 gene G191R mutation.Five of eighty-two(6.1％) patients with acute pancreatitis had PRSS2 gene G191R mutation (OR=0.682,95％ CI 0.231 ～ 2.010); one of seventy-three (1.4％) patients with chronic pancreatitis had the mutation (OR =0.145,95％ CI 0.019 ～ 1.145),and the corresponding value in healthy group was 8.7％ (12/138).The G191R mutation rate in patients with chronic pancreatitis was significantly lower than that in healthy group (x2 =0.432,P =0.035),but the G191R mutation rates were not significantly different between AP group and healthy group (x2 =0.487,P =0.485).Conclusions PRSS2 gene G191R mutation facilitates the degradation of anionic trypsin,and may reduce the incidence of chronic pancreatitis.
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Objective To describe the characteristic endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) features of gastric ectopic pancreas.Methods Totally 23 patients were diagnosed pathologically as having gastric ectopic pancreas.The EUS images of the lesions were retrospectively reviewed regarding layer of origin,size,growth pattern,margin,and internal echo pattern.Results The coincidence of EUS and pathologic diagnosis was 91%(21/23).EUS revealed that the lesions originated from the second,third,and/or fourth layers of the gastric wall.Most lesions were heterogenous,mainly isoechoic.The borders of the lesions were indistinct in 70%(16/23) patients. Anechoic cystic or tubular structures within the lesions appeared in 10 of the 23 lesions(43%).The mean longest/shortest diameter ratio of ectopic pancreas was 1.7.Conclusions Characteristic EUS features of gastric ectopic pancreases include:mural lateral growth pattern,third layer (submucosa) origin,indistinct margin,intermediate echogenecity,anechoic areas,and fourth-layer thickening.Careful assessment of the EUS findings may be a useful aid in the diagnosis of gastric ectopic pancreas.
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Objective To compare the therapeutic result of endoscopic po lypectomy with colectomy for polypoid malignant colorectal tumor. Methods A tot al of 61 cases of polypoid malignant colorectal tumor including thirty－ nine pa tients treated by endoscopic polypectomy and surveillance,twenty－ two patients treated by colectomy.Follow－ up ranged from 28 to 168(mean 64) months. Results During the follow－ up period,one patient died relating to this disease,two rec urred at the original site,and one metastasized to the liver.The distribution of the adverse outcome had no significant statistical difference between the group of endoscopic polypectomy and colectomy;significant difference existed between the sessile and pedunculated malignant polyps (P=0.006),as well as between favou rable(carcinoma invading the muscularis mucosa or above,limited to the head of t he pedunculated polyp,polypectomy margin negative,and well and moderately differ entiated)and unfavourable(without those criteria) histologic characteristics(P=0 .002).Conclusion The polypoid malignant colorectal tumors with favourable his tologic characteristics could be treated by endoscopic polypectomy alone,tumors with unfavourable histologic characteristics should be treated by colectomy.
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Aim To evaluate the effect of 15d-PGJ2 on up-regulated expression of PPAR? and inducing HSC apoptosis and inhibiting HSC proliferation. Methods The rat liver stellate cell line (HSC-T6) was cultured in DMEM, and treated with PPAR? agonist 15d-PGJ2 of different concentrations. The expression of PPAR? mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The protein expression of NF-?B was examined by Western blot. The cell proliferation rate of HSC-T6 was determined by MTT colorimetric assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis ratio were measured using flow cyto -metry analysis. Results The proliferation rate of the rat liver stellate cell line (HSC-T6) was significantly inhibited by 15d-PGJ2 (vs controls, P